Phenotypically and genotypically estimation of virulence factors in Salmonella serovar typhi isolated from patients with enteric fever in Al- Najaf, Iraq

Abstract. Zghair LS, Motaweq ZY, Lafta HC. 2022. Phenotypically and genotypically estimation of virulence factors in Salmonella serovar typhi isolated from patients with enteric fever Al-Najaf, Iraq. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 128-133. Typhi, often known as fever, causes typhoid has been a major human infectious disease for centuries, surviving poor sanitation overcrowding. Only 64 (58.1%) Gram-negative bacteria were found the 110 total specimens, 46 (41.8%) Gram-positive bacteria. The samples divided into 42 (65.6%) males 22 (34.4%) females. This work presents isolation identification isolates obtained specimens. In addition, flagellin gene was probable (fliC-d). this study, phenotypic techniques used to detect several factors. results showed that small colonies L-form grow on edges petri dish when one ?-lactam antibiotics (a class includes penicillin) is given wild-type bacteria, showing 52 (81.3%) could produce observed 44 (68.75%). ability generate CFA/I CFA/II 68.7% isolates. large percentage CFA produced CFA/III production, (100%).